PH LAB

Writing Examples

Alkalines are same as bases and have a bitter taste.  Acids have a sour taste.  These are created by dissociation af water into hydroxide, hydronium and hydrogen ions.  Acidity is measured on pH paper using the pH scale.  Buffers neutralize acids and bases.

The dissociation between hydrogen and hydronium form acids that are sour, and hydroxide ions form bases that are alkaline and bitter, effects the way the pH paper shows the value on the pH scale.  Buffers are used to neutralize acids by taking H+ ions.

The dissociation between hydrogen ions and hydronium ions form acids that are sour and hydroxide ions form bases that are alkaline and bitter effects the way pH paper slows the value on the pH scale.  The buffer is neutralized acids.

In our lab we tested many substances for a pH level.  We used pH paper and the pH scale to test it to see of it was an acid or base.  Many of the substances were either sour or bitter, which helped determine the pH also.  The lab also helped to test alkaline materials and substances.  All of the substances would either have a hydroxide ion, a hydronium ion or hydrogen ion.  There was also dissociation involved and testing of neutralizing a buffer.

     The pH scale is a measure of the H+ concentration in blood, water, and other solutions.  Water is ionized with either OH- ions or H+ ions, that gives it a specific pH.

     A substance that contains mostly OH- ions or hydroxide ions is a base.  A substance that contains mostly H+ ions or hydrogen ions is an acid.  In the lab pH paper was used to determine if a substance was a acid or a base by the type of ion that occurs in the substance.  The substance that had a pH under 7 had an increasing acidity (corn oil, vinegar, cranberry juice, orange juice, and lemon juice).  The substances that had a pH over 7 become more basic or alkaloid (baking soda with water, milk of magnesia, jewelry cleaner, and toothpaste and water).  Bases are also called alkalines.  The H₃O+ ion or hydronium ion also can cause a substance to be a base.  All the substances mentioned above have either a sour or bitter taste. 

     Dissociation is when substances break apart into simpler compounds and elements.  Buffers are solutions that form when a strong acid or base mixes with water.  Buffers are used to neutralize acids and bases inside the body.

When performing the experiment with different solutions I came across some acids and some bases.  We came to the conclusion of what the pH numbers for each solution was by using the pH paper.  After we obtained the information (pH number) we used the pH scale to determine or estimate the names of each solution.  Using our knowledge that hydroxide ions represent alkaline, and hydrogen ions represent acids we were able to hypothesize which solutions were which and guess names.  Determing whether or not something is acidic or alkaline depends on dissociation.  Dissociation iss when a water molecule divides into H+ and OH-.  The OH- is a hydroxide ion.  The hydrogen ion is H+.  When the free H+ ion combines with another water molecule it creates H₃O+  which is also known as hydronium ion.  Acidity or alkalinity is determined by the measure of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions.  When they are equal the solution becomes neutral.  Another way of neutralizing a solution is a buffer.  In the end, acidic solutions tend to be sour and alkaline solutions tend to be bitter.